(a) Give two main components of soil. (2mks)

(b) State three factors that favour soil erosion. (3mks)

(a) Define a lake. (2mks)

(b) State three reasons why some rift valley lakes have fresh water. (3mks)

(a) Give two local winds that are found in Kenya. (2mks)

(b) State three conditions necessary for formation of dew. (3mks)

(a) Name two planets without satellites. (2mks)

(b) State three characteristics of the inner core. (3mks)

Tunga  kisa  kitakachomalizika  kwa: . . .Hapo  ndipo  nilipotambua  kuwa ukitenda  wema umetendea nafsi yako.  

Tunga kisa  kitakachodhirisha  maana  ya  methali:
Ukiona vyaelea vimeundwa.

Ufisadi umekuwa  tatizo sugu katika nchi  ya  Kenya. Jadili  kuhusu  madhara yake huku ukipendekeza njia za kuukabili.

Umetangazwa  kuwa  mwanafunzi  bora katika  mtihani  wa kitaifa. Mwalimu Mkuu wa shule ya upili ya Tujitahidi  amekualika  katika shule  hii  yake kuwahutubia  wanafunzi  kuhusu  kilichochangia ufanisi  wako. Toa  hotuba  yako.

ORAL SKILLS    (30MKS)

(a) Read the poem below and answer questions that follow.
THE CROW
Crows on the wing!
What grace as they swim
Rising and diving
Like fish in the billows
In the willowy air
Or softly as feathers
 Fran broken- pillows.
Crows on the wing
What a symphony sings
The wind in their wings
As they swoop as the rise
To the sea; to the skies
As they float in the light
Air, like fragments of night.
                     (Barnabas J. Ramon Fortune)
Questions 

i) Describe the rhyme schemes of the poem.       (2mks)

ii) Apart from rhyme, identify three sound patterns evident in the poem. (3mks)

iii) Which words would you stress in the first two lines of the poem and why? (2 mks)

iv) How would you perform line (ii) of this poem? (2 mks)

b) Indicate the odd one out in each set of words according to the pronunciation of the underlined letter(s).     (4 mks)

i)  Knot                            Quick                                   Kill                                 Key

ii)  Conscience                  Science                                 Conscious                       Chute

iii)  Lazy                             Prays                                    Cats                            Mugs

iv)  Physics                        Physiology                            Phone                        Shepherd

c) What intonation would be used in the following sentences?        (3 mks)

i) Are you serious?

ii) Why haven’t you finished your homework?

iii) She has left.

d) You are having a conversation with your friend. How do you know it is your turn to speak?  (3 mks)

e) Read the item below and answer the questions that follow.
    He who laughs last laughs loudest.

i) Name the category to which the item belong.       (1mk)

ii) Identify and illustrate an aspect of sound used in the item above.  (2 mks)

iii) Give two characteristics of the above genre.            (2 mks)

f) From your knowledge of interviews etiquette, identify and explain the shortcomings in the interview below and suggest ways in which it can be improved. (6 Mks)

Lady: (Opening office door and bursting in the room panting. She is dressed in jeans trouser, a sleeveless top and a sports jacket). I’m so late but I couldn’t help it. I got lost. This place is so difficult to find, you know.

Interviewer: Come right inside and take a seat please.

Lady: (sits down. She puts her handbag and documents on the interviewers table) Wow! This chair is so comfortable.

Interviewer: Thank you. From the address on your application letter, can I assume you come from Garissa?

Lady: Of course. Why not?

Interviewer: How is the place?

Lady: So boring! In fact, that’s why I’m looking for a job here in the city. I want to come and enjoy life here in Nairobi. I’m sure companies here pay a big potato right?

Interviewer: Before we discuss the salary, let us talk about your qualifications. From your CV……

Lady: (laughing smugly). Quite impressing, not so? I knew no one else’s could match it.

Interviewer: The interview is over. Thank you for coming.

Lady: (Standing to leave and shaking the interviewers hand vigorously). See you.

CLOZE TEST
Read the passage below and fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word.   (10 marks)
Addiction is an escape (1)……………………..reality, and different people will find different (2)…………………….  to escape from the real word. They can be addicted to food water, power, work, gambling, sex, love (3) …………………… even to destructive relationships. Do these belong in the same category (4)……………….. alcohol or drugs? And if so, does recovery from those “people addictions” work the same way as with alcohol and drugs?
Addicts look for substitutes, and (5)………..……… reason behind this is always the same: to escape, to close one eye and not to (6)……………….. the facts. By becoming fat, the overeater insulates himself from the world around. It is better to be rejected (7)…………………. the way they look, than for who they are as a person. Thus, being fat becomes a way to avoid the risk of intimacy. There are people who are (8)………………… to work.   (9)……………………………..will go home late, just to avoid interaction with the family. Workaholism is a dysfunctional attempt to earn self – esteem by (10) ……………. productive.