You are provided with a solution L. Using the reagents provided, determine the food

      substances in L. Fill in the table below.                                                        (12 marks)

You are provided with specimen Q, R S T and U. Study them to answer the questions below

a) Work the actual length of specimen T, given that the shatter resistant ruler measures Q from tip of mouth to tip of abdomen.                             (2 marks)

b) A boy immobilised specimen Q and attempted to drown and suffocate it in water by placing its head in water. Using observable features, explain why he couldn’t succeed.      (1mark)                                                                                                       

                …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

           …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

c) Use the features in order given below and construct a dichotomous key that can be used to identify the specimen above.

                 Wings, long or short hind limbs, number of legs, antenna.                        (8 marks)

4.  State two ways in which specimen Q is adapted to evade its predators in its ecological niche.

                                                                                                                                         (2marks) 

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………  

5. State two observable differences between the specimen Q and R     (2marks)

a).  You are provided with a specimen labelled L. Slice off about 2cm² cube from the specimen. Peel it, crush to obtain a paste. Carefully tie one end of the 8cm LONG transparent visking tubing provided. Place the paste and tie the other end to ENSURE THERE IS NO LEAKAGE AT BOTH ENDS OF THE TUBING.

Rinse the outside of the tubing with water. Immerse the tubing with its content in 100ml beaker containing iodine solution. Leave the set up for 20 minutes.

1. Record your observations in the table below.                                            (4 marks)

2. What physiological process is demonstrated by this experiment ?                      (1 mark)

              …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Account for the results obtained in (a) above.                                                     (3 marks

              ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

             …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

             …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4. Name any one part of the human body where a similar physiological process takes place.    (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b)    The diagrams below show a type of cell division occurring in animal.

(i) Identify stages B and C.                                                                                           (2 marks)             B

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

       C

…………………………………………………………………………….………………………

2. State the functions of the parts labeled X and Y                                            (2marks)

         X

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

         Y

……………………………………………………………………………………………

You are provided with solid V. You are required to carry out the tests indicated below.

Place a spatulaful of solid V in a boiling tube. Add about 6 cm³ of distilled water and shake well. Divide the mixture into four equal portions in test tubes.

1. To the first portion, add two drops of potassium manganate (VII) solution.

2. To the second portion, add three drops of bromine water.

(c) To the third portion, add all the sodium carbonate.

(d) Test the pH of the solution using universal indicator solution provided.

You are provided with:

i)         Solution A which is 2.0M hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

ii)        Solution B, which is 0.1 M sodium thiosulphate (Na₂S₂O₃)

iii)       Solution C which is alkali of 0.1 M concentration

You are required to:

i)         Find the effect of change of temperature on the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate, solution B, and hydrochloric Acid, solution A.

ii)        Prepare a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid, solution A

iii)       Write an ionic equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid, solution A, and the alkali solution C.

Procedure I

Using a measuring cylinder measure 10 cm³ of solution B into a clean 100cm³ glass beaker. Place it together with its contents on a white piece of paper marked with a cross (X) on it with bold blue print. Measure the temperature of the solution and record it as shown in the table below.

Using a clean measuring cylinder, measure 5cm³ of solution A. add it to the contents of the beaker containing solution B and immediately start the stop watch. Record the time it will take for the cross (X) to become invisible when viewed above the reaction mixture in the beaker.

Wash the glass beaker used and repeat the experiment at the temperature indicated in the table below by warming sodium thiosulphate solution B to the stated temperature before adding hydrochloric Acid, solution A.

Table I

                                                                                                                                 (6 marks)

1. On the grid provided, plot a graph of  reciprocal of time 1/t against temperature     (3 marks)

b)         Comment on the effect of change in temperature on the rate of  reaction between sodium

 thiosulphate, solution B and hydrochloric acid, solution A.                                                (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c)         Use your graph to determine:

            i)         The time taken by the reaction when the temperature is 58⁰C.                      (1mark)

            ii)        The temperature at which the rate of the reaction is 0.045 sec^-1.                   (1mark)

Procedure II

Using a clean measuring cylinder, place 12.5 cm³ of solution A in a 250ml volumetric flask. Add 200 cm³ of distilled water and shake. Add distilled water upto the mark. Label this solution D. Fill a burette with solution D. Using a pipette and pipette filler, place 25.0 cm³ of solution C into a 250 ml conical flask. Add two drops of phenolphthalein indicator and titrate with solution D until the pink colour disappears.

Record your results in table II. Repeat the titration two more times and complete the table.

                        Table II

                                                                                                                                                          (5 marks)

            d)         Calculate:

1. The average volume of solution D used.                                                 (1 mark)

2.  Moles of hydrochloric Acid, solution D used.                                       (1 mark)

3. Moles of Alkali solution C used.                                                                    (1mark)

4. Determine the reacting mole ratio between the hydrochloric acid, solution D, and the alkali, solution C.                                                                                     (1 mark)                          

5. Write ionic equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid, solution A and      

                                    alkali, solution C.                                                                                            (1mark)

Place all solid R provided into a clean boiling tube then add about 10cm³ of distilled water. Shake  

     the contents thoroughly then filter. Retain both the filtrate and residue. Divide the filtrate into four

     equal portions.

        (a) To the first portion, add sodium hydroxide solution dropwise until in excess.

         (b) To the second portion, add about 2cm³ of Barium Chloride Solution.

         (c) To the third portion, add 3 drops of lead (ii) nitrate solution provided followed by about 2cm³ of

              2M nitric (V) acid and shake the mixture.

         (d) To the fourth portion, add 3 drops of acidified potassium manganate (VII).

      (e)  Transfer all the residue into a clean boiling tube, then add about 2cm³ of 2M nitric acid and  add about 3cm³ of distilled water when all the solid has dissolved. Divide the resulting   product into three equal portions.

               (i)   To the 1^st portion add sodium hydroxide solution drop wise until in excess.

           (ii) To the second portion, add ammonia solution drop wise until in excess.

(iii) To the third portion, add a few drops of potassium iodide solution.

You are provided with the following;

• a rectangular glass block
• 4 optical pins
• 2 thumb pins
• a soft board
• a plain paper

Proceed as follows:

a) Place the glass block on the plain paper with one of the largest face upper most.  Trace round the glass block using a pencil as shown below. 

b) Remove the glass block and construct a normal at B.  Construct an incident ray AB of angle of incidence, i = 20⁰.

(c)   Measure the breadth b of the glass block             (1 mark)

                              ……………………………………………………………

(c)         Replace the glass block and trace the ray ABCD using the optical pins.

(d)        Remove the glass block and draw the path of the ray ABCD using a pencil. 

(e)        Measure the length L and record it in the table below

                                                                                                                                                (6 marks)

(f)          Repeat the procedure above for the angles of incidence given. 

(g)         Calculate the values of    and Sin² I; and record in the table above.

(h)        Plot a graph of    (y-axis) against Sin²i.        (5 marks)

 (i)         Calculate the gradient S of the graph                        (3 marks)

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Given that the equation of that graph is; 

(j)          Determine the value of n                    (3 marks)

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(k) Present your work sheet; attached to the exam paper                     (2 mark)

You are provided with the following:

• 2 new dry cells size D
• A cell holder
• A switch
• A millimeter of range 0 to 1 mA
• A capacitor labeled C
• 8 connecting wires; at least four with crocodile clips on one end
• A stopwatch
• A carbon resistor labeled R

Proceed as follows

Connect the circuit as shown in the figure 1below, where P and Q are crocodile clips.

a) Close the switch S

b) Name the process which takes place when the switch S is closed   (1 mark)

c) Connect the crocodile clips P and Q. Observe and record the highest reading of the millimeter I_o

 (1 mark)

d) Open the switch S and at the same time start the stopwatch to measure the time taken for the current to decrease to four fifth the value of I_o i.e. ⁴/₅I_o. Record your value in the table 1.

e) Close the switch S for a second time and observe the deflection in the millimeter. (the pointer should rise back to the same initial value I_o)

f) Repeat part (b) for other values of current as shown in the table 1 below.   (8 marks)

g) Plot a graph of Current I (y – axis)(mA) against time t(s)                          (5 marks)

h) From your graph, findW the value of I when t = 10s.                       (2 marks)

i) Given that A = 10W, determine the value of A.                                            (2 marks)

j) Determine the voltage across R att = 10sgiven that R = 4.7kΩ                     (1 mark)

(a) Explain the role played by insurance industry in promoting the development of Kenyan economy.             (10mks)

(b) Explain clearly the tools of monetary policy used by the central bank to control inflation. (10mks)

(a) Jane,a petty cashier was given Sh ,2000 on 1st June 2005. During the month, she made the following payments:

2005    June   

          2 Stationery Sh 100, staff tea Sh 80.

5 Telephone bill Sh 50, postage stamps Sh 100.

8 Travelling Sh 200, telephone Sh 100.

10 Stationery Sh 50, staff tea Sh 100.

15 Postage stamps Sh 50, travelling Sh 100.

20 Sundry expenses Sh 100.

23 Stationery Sh 80, telephone Sh 40.

25 Travelling Sh 50, sundry expenses Sh 100.

28 Envelopes Sh 20, staff tea Sh 50.

30 Adhiambo, a creditor, was paid Sh 100.

(a) Use the following analysis columns to prepare a petty cash book:

Stationery, Staff tea, Travelling. Telephone, Sundry expenses. Ledger accounts.   (12 mks)

(b) Explain five demerits that a country may suffer when the government becomes a major investor in business. (8 mks)

(a) Explain clearly the problems associated with expenditure approach method in measurement of national incomes. (10mks)

(b) Outline five reasons why ethical practices is necessary in product promotion. (10mks)