(a) Differentiate between zooplanktons and phytoplanktons. (2 marks)

(b) Explain how ocean currents influence fishing. (6 marks)

(c) Use the map of North-West Atlantic grounds to answers questions (c) (ii) and (iii).

(i) Name three fish species caught in the North-West Atlantic fishing ground (3 marks)

(ii) Identify the ocean currents marked M and N. (2 marks)

(iii) Other than ocean currents explain three factors that favour fishing in the area shaded on the map. (6 marks)

(d) Give three differences between fishing in Kenya and Japan. (6 marks)

(a) What is meant by population growth? (2 marks)

(b) Study the age-sex pyramids below and answer the questions that follow.

(i) What terms are used to describe the populations of Kenya and Germany based on the shapes of the pyramids? (2 marks)

• Kenyan population

• German population.

(ii) Describe the population structure of Germany based on the age-sex pyramid. (5 marks)

(iii) Give the reasons for the large numbers witnessed in the Kenyan population i

cohorts. (4 marks)

(iv) State the effects of the population structure shown by the age-sex pyramid in Germany. (4 marks)

(c) Explain four factors that result to a slow population growth. (8 marks)

(a) Define the term mining. (2 marks)

(b) Give three minerals that occur in veins. (3 marks)

(c)

(i) Name two main areas where gold mining takes place in South Africa. (2 marks)

(ii) Describe the procedure of processing of gold. (5 marks)

(d) Explain how the following factors hinder mining of some minerals in Kenya.

(i) Political influence. (2 marks)

(ii) Transport costs. (2 marks)

(e)

(i) State three uses of soda ash. (3 marks)

(ii) Explain three ways in mining of trona has promoted economic growth in Kenya. (6 marks)

The photograph below shows an agricultural practice carried out both in Kenya and Netherlands. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name three areas in Netherlands where the activity in the photograph is practiced in large scale. (3 marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 (b) Give four reasons why growing of flowers in the structures shown in the background is preferred in Kenya. (4 marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Draw a rectangle measuring 12cm by 9cm and in it represent the main components of the photograph shown above. (5 marks)

(d) Explain the roles played by horticulture to the economy of Kenya. (8 marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 (e) State five problems facing the practice shown in the above photograph in Kenya. (5 marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) Define the term Agroforestry. (2 marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Name three areas where softwood forests are found in Kenya. (3 marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) Name three legislations made by the government of Kenya governing environmental management and conservation. (3 marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Give two major causes of noise pollution. (2 marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

State five reasons why many rivers in Africa are underdeveloped as mode of transport. (5 marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) Below is the map of Zuyder Zee Project in Netherlands, use it to answer the question (i) and (ii) that follow.

(i) Name the polders marked S and T. (2 marks)

S: …………………………………………………………………………………………………. T: …………………………………………………………………………………………………. (ii) Identify the lake marked Q. (1 mark)

(b) Give the reasons behind the following practices carried out during the reclamation of land from the sea in the Netherlands.

(i) Sowing of reeds. (1 mark) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Treating soils with chemicals. (1 mark)

 …………………………………………………

(a) Name two major car manufacturing zones in Japan. (2 marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) State three reasons for the declined use of coal as source of energy in the Ruhr region in Germany. (3 marks) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a)

(i) Differentiate between a lake and a river (2 marks)

(ii) Name two sources of rivers in Kenya. (2 marks)

(b) State three reasons why some lakes may contain saline water (3 marks)

(c)

(i) Describe the formation of an oasis. (5 marks)

(ii) Give three examples of lakes formed due to faulting in Kenya. (3 marks)

(d) Describe the following drainage systems

(i) Superimposed (3 marks)

(ii) Concordant (1 mark)

(e) Explain three economic significance of rivers. (6 marks)