Study the set-up below and answer the questions that follow:

(a) State two observations that would be made after one week. Explain.      (2mks)

(b) Write the chemical equation of the reaction taking place in the test-tube.      (1mk)

The apparatus illustrated below were used to prepare and collect carbon (II) oxide in the laboratory.

(a) State the condition necessary for this reaction to occur.      (1mk)

(b) Identify Z and state its role in this reaction.      (1mk)

(c) Write an equation for the reaction taking place in the flask.     (1mk)

Some two elements are represented as:

 (a) How many protons does X have?       (1mk)

(b) How many neutrons does Y have?     (1mk)

(c) Using dot(.) and crosses(x) draw the structure of the compound formed between X and Y.   (1mk)

In an experiment , ammonium chloride was heated in a test-tube. A moist red litmus paper placed at the mouth of test tube first changed blue then red. Explain these observations.      (3mks)

A form 1 student carried out the separation as shown in the set-up below:

(i) Identify the above method.                        (1mk)

(ii) Give one of its disadvantages.                  (1mk)

(iii) Name a mixture which can be separated by the set-up above.       (1mk)

(a) Mention four ways of becoming a member of parliament in Britain.   (4mks)

(b) Explain six functions of the president in USA.      (6mks)

(a) State five reasons why pan Africanism became more active in Africa after 1945.     (5mks)

(b) Explain five functions of the United Nations Security Council.     (5mks)

(a) State five peace treaties signed between Allies and the central powers to bring peace in Europe.   (5mks)

(b) Explain five social effects of World War II.    (5mks)

(a) Identify five factors that enabled Europeans to easily conquer Africa during the scramble.    (5mks)

(b) Explain five reasons why assimilation failed in Senegal.     (5mks)

(a) What five factors characterized industrialization in Britain.   (5mks)

(b) Explain the problems facing industrialization in South Africa.    (5mks)