The diagram below is a set up for the laboratory preparation of gas F.

(i) Name gas F                            (1mk)

(ii) At the end of the experiment, the solution in the round bottomed flask was found to be a strong base. Explain why this was so     (2mks)

(iii) Which property of gas F makes it be collected by the method used in the set-up? (1mk)

(iv) Give one industrial use of gas F                            (1mk)

Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.

(a) What are allotropes?                         (1mk)

(b) In terms of structure and bonding explain why diamond is used in drilling through hard rocks while graphite is a lubricant                      (2mks)

The table below gives information about ions of P and Y

(a) Write the electron configuration for the atom of  Y                      (1mk)

b) How many protons are there in the nucleus of                             (2mks)

(i)  P

(ii) Y

(c) Write the formula of the compound formed when P and Y reacts                    (2mks)

The set-up below was used to study some properties of air

State and explain two observations that would be made at the end of the experiment  (4mks)

List two differences between temporary physical change and permanent chemical change.   (2mks)

Putting out flames after use is one of the laboratory rules , state three other laboratory rules  (3mks)

(a) Define chemistry                       ( 1mks)

(b) state three roles of chemistry in the society.                      (3mks)

(a)

 i) Name two types of settlement patterns found in rural areas       (2mks)

ii) State five factors that have contributed to the emergence of slums in urban centres       (5mks)

(b) Explain four functions of Eldoret town.    (8mks)

(c) State four factors that led to the growth of New York City in America    (4mks)

 (d) Explain three measures that have been undertaken to reduce motor vehicle congestion in Nairobi city    (6mks)

(a)

 i) Differentiate between pelagic and demersal fish       (2mks)

ii) Describe the drift method of fishing       (6mks)

(b) Explain four reasons why there is widespread fresh water fishing in East Africa    (8mks)

(c) Explain how each of the following factors influence fishing in Kenya and Japan:

 i) Market               (2mks)

ii) Technology       (2mks)

(d) State the significance of fishing to the economy of Kenya.    (5mks)

(a)

 i) Define horticulture       (2mks)

ii) Outline five characteristics of horticultural farming in Kenya       (5mks)

(b)

 i) Give four physical factors that favour horticultural farming in Kenya (4mks)

ii) Explain three challenges that horticultural farmers experience in marketing their produce       (6mks)

(c) You intend to carry out a field study in a nearby horticultural farm.

 i) Apart from flowers, identify the other two types of crops you are likely to find in the farm       (2mks)

ii) Give two sources of information that you would use for the field study       (2mks)

iii) State four factors that have contributed to fast growth of the flower farming sub-sector in Kenya       (4mks)