(a) Give four physical conditions that favour sugarcane growing in the Lake Victoria basin       (4mks)

(b)

i) Describe the stages involved in the processing of sugarcane at the factory     (6mks)

ii) Apart from sugar, give three other products obtained from sugarcane       (3mks)

(c) Explain three causes for the decline of sugarcane farming in Kenya     (6mks)

(d) Explain three ways in which the Kenyan government is promoting the sugar industry     (6mks)

(a) Apart from pollution, name two other environmental hazards that occur as a result of human activities       (2mks)

(b) State three effects of air pollution on the physical environment     (3mks)

(a) Explain the term visible trade       (2mks)

(b) State three economic benefits of Southern African Development Community (SADC) to its member states     (3mks)

The figure below is a map that shows wheat growing areas of Canada. Use it to answer questions below

(a) Name the provinces marked G and H          (2mks)

(b) State three reasons for the increase in the price of maize in Kenya     (3mks)

(a) Name the hydroelectric power projects located in each of the following rivers in Africa:   

i) River Zambezi             (1mk)

ii) River Volta            (1mk)

(b) State three factors that have hindered the development of solar energy in Kenya.         (3mks)

(a) Name two minerals that occur as weathering products.   (2mks)

(b) State three uses of soda ash.         (3mks)

(a) Classify soils according to order.     (3mks)

(b) Explain how the following factors influence soil formation:

i) Parent rock              (4mks)

ii) Climate               (6mks)

(c) State five economic uses of soil.   (5mks)

(d) Students in a secondary school intend to carry out a field study on soils within their local environment.

i) Give three activities the students are likely to carry out during the study    (4mks)

ii) List four properties of soil the students would study      (4mks)

(a) Give two reasons why wind is active in hot deserts     (2mks)

(b) Describe how the following features found in hot deserts are formed:

   i) Mushroom block            (4mks)  

   ii) Yardangs     (4mks)  

(c) Explain three ways in which features resulting from wind action in arid areas are important          (6mks)

(b) Some students carried out a field study on wind deposition features in an arid area in Kenya.

 i) Name three secondary sources of information they are likely to rely on while preparing for the study            (3mks)  

 ii) State three reasons why it was necessary for the students to visit the area before the actual field study     (3mks)  

ii) Give three advantages of studying wind depositional features through field work     (3mks)  

 (a)

   i) Define the term glaciation.   (2mks)

   ii) Explain three negative effects of glaciation on human environment   (6mks)

 (b)

   i) Give three ways in which ice moves     (3mks)  

   ii) Explain two factors that influence movement of ice     (4mks)  

  (c) Describe how each of the following features is formed:

   i) outwash plain     (4mks)  

   ii) Roche’ mountonee     (6mks)  

 (a)

   i) Give three sources of lake water.   (3mks)

   ii) Give three characteristics of lakes formed due to faulting   (3mks)

 (b) Describe how the following lakes are formed:

   i) moraine dammed                (6mks)  

   ii) lagoon                  (5mks)  

 (c) Explain four ways in which lakes influence the climate of the surrounding areas.   (8mks)