Study the map of Kijabe 1:50,000(sheet 134/3) provided and answer the following questions.

(a) i) Give two types of scales used in the map extract   (2mks)

 ii) Give the map title    (1mk)

iii) Measure dry weather road (D38) from grid square 3800 to the eastern edge of map extract. Give your answer in kilometres   (2mks)

(b)i)What is the bearing of Air photo principal point in grid square 9025 from the cattle dip in grid square 2692. (2mks)

ii) Identify two human features I grid square 3890 (2mks)

(c) Draw a rectangle measuring 14cm by 10cm to represent the area enclosed by easing of 30 and 37 and northings of 90 and 95. On the rectangle mark and label (5mks)

i) Railway line

ii) Thicket

iii) River Matathia

iv) Cattle dip

(d) Explain how relief has influenced the distribution of settlement on the area covered by the map   (4mks)

(e) Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map   (4mks)

(f) Give the social functions of Kijabe town   (3mks)

Outline four characteristics of a river in its youthful stage     (4mks)

(a) Name three components of soil     (3mks)

(b) State three characteristics of desert soils     (3mks)

State four uses of savanna vegetation     (4mks)

(a) What is weather forecasting     (2mks)

(b) Give three elements of weather     (3mks)

(a) Name two theories of the origin of the earth     (2mks)

(b) Name four layers of the earth’s atmosphere     (4mks)

You are provided with a solution L. Using the reagents provided, determine the food

      substances in L. Fill in the table below.                                                        (12 marks)

You are provided with specimen Q, R S T and U. Study them to answer the questions below

a) Work the actual length of specimen T, given that the shatter resistant ruler measures Q from tip of mouth to tip of abdomen.                             (2 marks)

b) A boy immobilised specimen Q and attempted to drown and suffocate it in water by placing its head in water. Using observable features, explain why he couldn’t succeed.      (1mark)                                                                                                       

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c) Use the features in order given below and construct a dichotomous key that can be used to identify the specimen above.

                 Wings, long or short hind limbs, number of legs, antenna.                        (8 marks)

4.  State two ways in which specimen Q is adapted to evade its predators in its ecological niche.

                                                                                                                                         (2marks) 

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5. State two observable differences between the specimen Q and R     (2marks)

a).  You are provided with a specimen labelled L. Slice off about 2cm² cube from the specimen. Peel it, crush to obtain a paste. Carefully tie one end of the 8cm LONG transparent visking tubing provided. Place the paste and tie the other end to ENSURE THERE IS NO LEAKAGE AT BOTH ENDS OF THE TUBING.

Rinse the outside of the tubing with water. Immerse the tubing with its content in 100ml beaker containing iodine solution. Leave the set up for 20 minutes.

1. Record your observations in the table below.                                            (4 marks)

2. What physiological process is demonstrated by this experiment ?                      (1 mark)

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3. Account for the results obtained in (a) above.                                                     (3 marks

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4. Name any one part of the human body where a similar physiological process takes place.    (1 mark)

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(b)    The diagrams below show a type of cell division occurring in animal.

(i) Identify stages B and C.                                                                                           (2 marks)             B

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       C

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2. State the functions of the parts labeled X and Y                                            (2marks)

         X

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         Y

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You are provided with solid V. You are required to carry out the tests indicated below.

Place a spatulaful of solid V in a boiling tube. Add about 6 cm³ of distilled water and shake well. Divide the mixture into four equal portions in test tubes.

1. To the first portion, add two drops of potassium manganate (VII) solution.

2. To the second portion, add three drops of bromine water.

(c) To the third portion, add all the sodium carbonate.

(d) Test the pH of the solution using universal indicator solution provided.