Give four method of farming (2mks)

Differentiate between olericulture and pomoculture as used in crop production .(1mk) 

(a)

i. Apart from stalagmites identify two underground features in a Karst scenery. (2mks)

ii. State three conditions necessary for the formation of a Karst landscape. (3mks)

iii. Describe the formation of a stalagmite. (5mks)

(b)

i. Name two water erosional features on a desert. (2mks)

ii. Describe the formation of a rock pedestal. (5mks)

(c) Explain four significance of desert land forms to human activities. (8mks)

 a)

i. Differentiate between orogenic and epeirogenic earth movement. (2mks)

ii. Describe the origin of continents according to the theory of plate tectonics. (4mks)

b)

i. Apart from an over thrust fold, name three other types of folds. (3mks)

ii. Using well labeled diagrams, describe how Fold Mountains are formed. (8mks)

(c) Explain two negative effects of folding to human activities. (4mks)

(d) Students from your school intend to carry out a field study of a folded area.

i. State two preparations you need to do. (2mks)

ii. State two problems you are likely to encounter. (2mks)

(a) 

i. What is a piedmont glacier. (2mks)

ii. State two conditions favouring the formation of glaciers (2 mks)

(b) Explain the following ways of ice movement.

i. Basal slip (2mks)

ii. Plastic flowage (2mks)

(c) 

i. State two processes of glacier erosion. (2mks)

ii. Using a well labeled diagram describe the formation of crag and tail. (7mks)

iii. Apart from crag and tail state two glacial depositional features. (2mks)

iii. Explain three positive effects of glaciations to human activities. (6mks)

(a)

i. Differentiate between weathering and mass wasting. (2mks)

ii. Name two types of landslides. (2mks)

iii. Other than water, identify three other weathering agents. (3mks)

(b) Explain how the following process of weathering take place.

    i. Exfoliation (3mks)

   ii. Carbonation (3mks)

(c) Explain how the following factors influence mass wasting.

  i. Climate (2mks)

  ii. Slope (2mks)

(d)

  i. Describe the process of solifluction. (3mks)

 ii. State two causes of soil creep. (2mks)

(e) Students of Makuyu Boys carried out a field study on weathering in a limestone area.

  i. Name two surface features they may have identified. (2mks)

  ii. State one effect of weathering on human activities (1mk)

(a) Study the map of Kijabe provided (1:50,000) and use it to answer the questions that follow. 

 (i) State one method of representing relief used in the map extract.

 (ii) Give the six figure grid reference of the cattle dip near Kenton. (2mks)

(iii) Give the longitudinal extent of the map extract. (2mks)

(b)

(i) Calculate the area to the south of the power line giving your answer in Km² (2mks)

(ii) Describe the settlement distribution in the area covered by the map extract. (5mks)

(c) Explain three factors favouring cattle rearing in the area covered by the map. (6mks)

(d) Draw a cross section from grid reference 270900 to 300960 using a scale of 1cm rep 20 Metres. On your cross section label and name

• • • Tarmac road

    • Power line

    • R. Tongitongi (8mks)

The diagram below shows a river and its tributaries. Use it to answer the questions below 

(a) Name the parts marked L and M. (2mks)

(b) State three factors that influence river deposition. (3mks)

(a) Give two main components of soil. (2mks)

(b) State three factors that favour soil erosion. (3mks)

(a) Define a lake. (2mks)

(b) State three reasons why some rift valley lakes have fresh water. (3mks)