Study the 1965 map of Mumias 1:50,000 (Sheet 101/2) provided and answer the following questions.

(a)

i) Convert the scale of the map into statement scale.   (2mks)

ii) Give the six figure grid reference for the school at Mungabo   (2mks)

i) Identify three types of natural vegetation found to the south of Northing 36   (3mks)

ii) What is the bearing of the school at Khamashia from the school at Ihonje?   (2mks)

(b) Using vertical scale of 1cm to represent 20m, draw a cross section from grid reference 580410 to 670410. On the cross-section, mark and name:

i) all weather road – loose surface.  

ii) riverine trees  

i) river Nzoia  

ii) seasonal swamp                                     (7mks)

(c) Citing evidence from the map, explain two factors favouring trading in the area    (4mks)

(d) Describe the relief of the area covered by the map.         (5mks)

The figure below shows zones of ground water. Use it to answer question (a) and (b).

(b) Name the zones marked E and F   (2mks)

(a) State three conditions that favour the formation of an artesian basin   (3mks)

(a) State two factors that influence river erosion   (2mks)

(b) State three types of sand dunes   (3mks)

(a) Distinguish between weather and climate   (2mks)

(b) State three negative effects of desertification on the physical environment   (3mks)

Describe how a land breeze occurs  (5mks)

(a) Differentiate between weathering and mass wasting    (2mks)

(b) Identify three ways in which temperature change influences physical weathering   (3mks)

(a) 

i) What are earthquakes?  (2mks)

ii) Name two types of earthquake waves  (2mks)

iii) State four ways in which the earth’s crust is affected by earthquakes  (4mks)

(b) 

i) Name three types of faults  (3mks)

ii) Apart from compressional forces explain two other processes that may cause faulting. (4mks)

(c) With the aid of diagrams, describe how compressional forces may have led to the formation of the Great Rift valley.  (8mks)

(d) Apart from the Rift Valley name two other relief features that were formed as a result of faulting  (2mks)

(a) The diagram below represents underground features in a limestone area. Use it to answer question

i) Name the features marked X, V and W  (3mks)

ii) Describe how the feature marked y is formed  (6mks)

iii) What is an artesian basin?  (2mks)

iv) Explain three factors which influence the formation of features in limestone areas  (6mks)

(b) Give four reasons why there are few settlements in Karst landscapes (4mks)

(c) State four significance of the Karst Region (4mks)

(a)

i) Define the term hydrological cycle (2mks)

ii) Give three factors that influence the occurrence of surface runoff (3mks)

iii) State the significance of the hydrological cycle (4mks)

(b)

i) What is a lake (2mks)

ii) Give three reasons why some lakes in Kenya have saline water (3mks)

iii) Explain how Lake Victoria influences the climate of the surrounding areas. (6mks)

iv) State five economic uses of lakes (5mks)

(a)

i) What is a rock?  (1mk)

ii) Describe the three ways through which sedimentary rocks are formed  (6mks)

(b) Describe the following characteristics of minerals

i) Colour  (2mks)

ii) Cleavage  (2mks)

(c) Give two types of igneous rocks  (2mks)

(d) Suppose you were to carry out a field study of rocks within the vicinity of your school

i) Name three secondary sources of information you would use to prepare for the field study  (2mks)

ii) State three activities you would carry out during the field study  (2mks)

iii) State three problems you are likely to experience during the field study  (2mks)

(e) Explain three significance of rocks to human activities in Kenya  (4mks)